Home Editorial Notes

What follows are the conventions used for text transcription, XML-TEI encoding, and data entry.

Text Transcription

In the transcriptions of the works, the following issues are modernized without marking them in the text:

  • We adopt modern accents. E.g. despues > después, prinçipes > prínçipes, á > a, etc.
  • We add accents even if followed by pronouns. Ej. criólo, mostróse
  • When they are consonants, we normalize the use of u/v, e.g. seruidores > servidores, caualgador > cavalgador, and  i / j, e.g. meior > mejor, conseio > consejo, Iohan > Johan
  • Use of n / ñ. ej. planir > plañir, annos > años
  • We simplify double consonants at the begining of word (ff-, ss-, rr-), E.g. rromanos > romanos
  • We adopt the modern use of capital letters (people, places names, etc.). Ej. la diere Aquel > la diera aquel, enrique el terçero > Enrique el Terçero
  • Modern joining and splitting of words, e.g. çierta mente > çiertamente, aun que > aunque
  • In some rare cases, if the punctuation differs a lot from the modern use, we can modify it (e.g. innecesary punctuation, such as a punctuation mark (full stop) after a question mark, or question marks in parenthesis).

In general we keep all other linguistic features:

  • Use of ç
  • v is always kept such as in cavallero, ovo, deleitava, ...
  • spelling of learned words with ph, ch, and double intervocalic consonants (-ff-, -cc-, -mm-, -rr-), e.g. philosophía, peccado, commo, Ysrrael, desonrra
  • common errors (even if they are misleading), e.g. biuia > bivía, boluer > bolver
  • Use of conjunction e (equivalent to the coordinating y)
  • etymological f, e.g. fijo, ...
  • spelling fluctuations, e.g. reyno - reino
  • pronouns and articles with prepositions, e.g. destos, dellos, etc.

In the transcription of the text, the different line break hyphens will not be marked (se-/paración > separación). If a word is divided into two different pages, it is kept on the first page, and the page number is indicated afterwards.

If there are clear errors (mostly typographical), we correct them in the encoding using <choice>,  <sic> for the error, and <corr resp="#"> for the correction, e.g. tau > tan

We indicate page numbers of the edition in use, but we do not transcribe footnotes.

 

Guidelines for Text Encoding

1.  General structure 

The TEI file is organized as follows:

  • <TEI> → root element
    • <teiHeader> → metadata (title, authors, publication, revision, encoding description)
    • <text> → main content
      • <body> → text body
        • <div> → divisions (books, prologue, biographies, conclusion, etc.)
          • <head> → headings
          • <p> → paragraphs
          • <pb> → page breaks (folio marks like 1r, 1v, etc.)
          • <q> → direct speech inside narrative prose
          • <quote> → quotations from books or authoritative sources
          • <persName>, <placeName>, <title>, <bibl>, <argument>, <name>, <term>, <ref>

2.  teiHeader

a. fileDesc

  • fileDesc → it contains all information of the digital file.
  • titleStmt > title: Name of the biography
  • titleStmt > author: the biography author with a @ref to the ArchBio slip.
  • titleStmt > respStmt > resp: Encoded by + persName with the identifier's reference <persName ref="#SAT">Susanna Allés-Torrent</persName>
 
<titleStmt>
     <title>Prólogo a Generaciones y semblanzas</title>
     <author xml:id="FPG">Fernán Pérez de Guzmán</author>
     <respStmt>
          <resp>Edited and Encoded by</resp>
          <persName ref="#SAT">Susanna Allés Torrent</persName>
     </respStmt>
</titleStmt>
  • publicationStmt > authority: project name.
  • publicationStmt > publisher: hosting university.
  • publicationStmt > date: encoding year. 

<publicationStmt>
     <authority>Archive of Biographical Writings in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia
          (ArchBio)</authority>
     <publisher>University of Miami</publisher>
     <pubPlace>Coral Gables, FL</pubPlace>
     <availability status="free">
          <p>This electronic text is distributed by ArchBio under a <ref
              target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons
              Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</ref>.</p>
     </availability>
     <date>2020</date>
</publicationStmt>
  • sourceDesc: primary source and print information  (<bib type="print">), and the digital copy if it exists (<bibl type="digital">).

 <sourceDesc>
        <bibl type="print" xml:id="DBordonaFPG">
          <author>Fernán Pérez de Guzmán</author>
          <title>Generaciones y semblanzas</title>
          <editor ref="#DBordonaFPG">Jesús Domínguez Bordona</editor>
          <publisher>Espasa-Calpe</publisher>
          <pubPlace>Madrid</pubPlace>
          <date>1954</date>
          <note>1st ed. 1924</note>
        </bibl>
        <bibl type="digital">
          <note resp="#SAT">A second edition from 1965 is digitizied (Espasa-Calpe, Madrid) in the
            Internet Archive. The text is the same, but the pagination presents small
            differences.</note>
          <publisher>Internet Archive</publisher>
          <date>2019</date>
          <ref>https://archive.org/details/generacionesysem0000prez</ref>
        </bibl>
</sourceDesc>

b. revisionDesc
This section contains the records of interventions made on the digital file. The first change entry documents the creation of the file and the first version in XML-TEI. As modifications are incorporated, they must always be recorded here, with clear mention of responsibility and within a <change> element.

2.  <text>

  • text: The <text> element must carry an identifier using @xml:id and @xml:lang. It should match the name of the file.
  • body > head: Title as it appears in the original edition.
  • body > p: Paragraph structuring.

3. Key Elements and Usage

ElementPurpose
<div>Divides the text (e.g., @type="prol" for prologue, @type="bio" for biography)
<head>Division headings, sometimes marked with @type (e.g., "title_bio")
<p>Paragraphs
<pb>Page break or folio marker, with @n (e.g., "1r", "2v")
<q>Direct speech in narrative prose, always with @who to identify speaker
<quote>Quotations from books or authoritative sources (e.g., Bible passages)
<persName>Person names, sometimes with @ref linking to authority files
<placeName>Place names
<title>Titles of works, sometimes with @ref or @ana for links
<bibl>Bibliographic references, @type as "print" or "digital"
<name>Names refering to characters or families (e.g. el diablo, los Mendoza, etc.). 
<roleName>They can be included inside the <persName>
<ref>External or internal references (@target)

3. Issues related to the edition used

a. Additions by the editor 

<add resp="#DBordona">[boca]</add>

b. Errors
When we encounter an obvious error made by the editor, we can correct it using <choice>, <sic>, and <corr>, indicating the responsibility of the person making the correction.

oviese <choice><sic>tan</sic><corr resp="#SAT">tan</corr></choice> singular poder

c. Spelling Regularization

Medieval spellings are preserved. If a modern equivalent needs to be encoded, we will use  <orig>and  <reg>:

<choice><orig>traxiste</orig><reg>trajiste</reg></choice>
<choice><orig>proçediendo</orig><reg>procediendo</reg></choice>

d. Page break

Page breaks from the original edition can be indicated as follows. For example, if referring to the Bordona edition:

<pb edRef="#DBordona" n="79"/>

It can be placed outside any element (not inside head or p), meaning as a child of body when it marks the start of a biography. It can also appear inside a paragraph.

e. Column break

Column changes are marked with <cb> and the @n attribute. If a word is split by a hyphen, we transcribe it on the page or column where it begins. 

e. Notes to the text

In general, footnotes are not transcribed nor encoded,  but if they are necessary, they are placed at the bottom, after the <body>, in a separated division: 

<back>
<div type="notes_DBordona">
  <note resp="#DBordona" xml:id="n_DBordona_000" target="#ref_DBordona_000">texto de la nota</note>
</div>
</back>

While in the text, they are encoding like this:  

<ref type="n_DBordona" target="#n_DBordona_000" xml:id="ref_DBordona_000"/>

Database and Data Input

The database and therefore the data entry is divided in 4 main blocks:

  • Authors
  • Biographees
  • Works
  • Texts

To add any content

  1. Log-In
  2. Once logged in, go to the top right of the page, "ADD," and choose what you want to add: Author, Biographees, Works, Texts, or Pages.